Course Outline
Click on the links below to preview selected pages from this course.
- Introduction
- Using Immunohistochemistry for the Detection of Infectious Diseases
- True or False: A virus is the only infectious entity that can be detected by IHC techniques.
- True or False: Only monoclonal antibodies can be used for IHC techniques to demonstrate infectious diseases.
- Disclaimer
- IHC Detection Systems
- Tissue Pretreatment: Heat-Induced Epitope Retrieval
- Heat-Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER) Equipment
- Tissue Pretreatment: Proteolytic-Induced Epitope Retrieval
- Tissue Adhesion
- Enzyme Labels
- Chromogenic Substrates
- Which of the following is an advantage to using a polymer or micro polymer detection system?
- True or False: All epitopes require some form of heat or enzyme retrieval.
- True or False: The histologist should always add tissue section adhesive to the flotation bath when using positive-charged slides.
- True or False: The horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme is derived from the root of the agave plant.
- Infectious Disease Entities: Antibodies and Reagents Used in Immunohistochemistry
- Cytomegalovirus
- Cytomegalovirus
- Additional Cytomegalovirus Images
- True or False: In CMV-infected cells, Feulgen-positive, granular amphophilic inclusions swell inside the nuclei, giving the characteristic "owl's eye"...
- True or False: CMV infection can affect many organs, including the lungs and gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
- Herpes Simplex Virus
- Herpes Simplex Virus
- Additional Herpes Simplex Virus Images
- True or False: In addition to blistering infections of the skin, mucous membranes, and esophagus, both herpes simplex and varicella zoster infections ...
- True or False: Only nuclear staining patterns of herpes simplex virus (HSV) can be observed.
- Adenovirus
- Adenovirus
- Additional Adenovirus Image
- True or False: ADV “smudge cells” can be seen in histologic and cytologic preparations.
- True or False: The author's preferred proteolytic enzyme used to pretreat formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections is 0.25% trypsin wi...
- Epstein-Barr Virus
- Epstein-Barr Virus
- Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1)
- Epstein-Barr Virus Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 2 (EBNA2)
- True or False: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is an IgG1, kappa monoclonal antibody consisting of commercially individual c...
- True or False: Post diaminobenzidine (DAB) metal enhancement, such as 1% copper sulfate and a light hematoxylin counter stain, will improve visualizat...
- Varicella Zoster Virus
- Varicella Zoster Virus
- True or False: Once infected with chickenpox, a person can never have a varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection again.
- True or False: Complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis can develop in adults who were not exposed as children, but contract chickenpox later ...
- Human Papilloma Virus
- Human Papillomavirus
- True or False: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an RNA virus that causes proliferation on epidermal and mucosal surfaces.
- Polyomavirus
- Polyomavirus
- JC Polyomavirus
- BK Polyomavirus
- True or False: The initials JC and BK were taken from the first patients identified with the specific polyomavirus.
- True or False: Anti-human SV40 monoclonal antibody, clone MRQ-4, can only be used for the demonstration of JC polyomavirus (JCV) in formalin-fixed, pa...
- True or False: Anti-SV40 monoclonal antibody, clone MRQ-4, will usually result in a cytoplasmic localization of the polyomavirus only within the renal...
- Hepatitis B Virus
- Hepatitis B Virus
- Hepatitis B Core Antigen
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
- IHC Double Stain for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Hepatitis B Core Antigen
- True or False: Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain alone is sufficient to asses hepatitis infection.
- True or False: Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) is demonstrated in the cytoplasm of infected hepatocytes.
- True or False: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a nuclear reaction in type B viral hepatitis infected hepatocytes.
- Parvovirus
- Parvovirus B19
- True or False: Parvovirus B19 is a very large virus that causes erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) in children.
- True or False: Parvovirus replicates in bone marrow cells and inhibits red blood cell (RBC) production (erythropoiesis) causing hemolytic complication...
- True or False: Parvovirus B19 has been implicated in hydrops fetalis, which causes spontaneous abortion in humans.
- Parainfluenza
- Human Parainfluenza Virus
- True or False: Human parainfluenza (HPIV) demonstrates as a nuclear staining pattern localized in the cytoplasm of infected cells.
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- True or False: Cell cytoplasm is the target area for demonstrating RSV.
- Human Herpes Virus 8
- Human Herpesvirus 8
- True or False: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is an RNA virus that belongs to the Alphaherpes viriniae subfamily.
- Parasitic or Fungal Entities: Antibodies and Reagents used in Immunohistochemistry
- Pneumocystis Pneumonia or Pneumocystosis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Additional Images of Toxoplasmosis
- True or False: Toxoplasma will infect cells, where the parasite will remain until the cell dies. When the cell dies, the parasite will infect another ...
- What antibody isotype is P. jirovecii mouse monoclonal clone 3F6?
- Bacterial Entities: Antibodies and Reagents used in IHC
- Treponema pallidum
- Treponema pallidum
- True or False: Treponema pallidum is a gram-positive spirochete bacteria.
- Helicobacter pylori
- References
Additional Information
Level of Instruction: Intermediate to advanced
Intended Audience: This program is designed for the clinical immunohistochemist that has a working knowledge of immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique and can also be used as a reference for proper staining patterns and morphology. This course is also appropriate as an educational and training tool for histology laboratory personnel.
Author Information: Jim Burchette, HT(ASCP) recently retired after 34 years at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. As an Immunopathology Analytical Specialist in Molecular Pathology, Jim's primary job functions included daily IHC quality control and managing the daily technical aspect of the Clinical Immunopathology operation. He has over 38 years of experience in surgical pathology histotechnology with 33 years of immunopathology specialty. Jim has extensive experience validating new antibodies for research and diagnostic immunohistochemical use. To date, Jim has 80 publications (70 of which are peer-reviewed) and two book chapters, as well as many abstracts, posters, and technical acknowledgments in peer-reviewed scientific articles. He has also served as a consultant for Triangle Biomedical Sciences (TBS), Dako North America, Leica Microsystems, and Polysciences.
Reviewer Information: Carla J. Shoffeitt, MSM, HT(ASCP) is the Manager of the Pathology Department of Emory St. Joseph’s Hospital of Emory Healthcare in Atlanta, Georgia. She holds a Master of Science Degree in Healthcare Management as well as a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology from Troy University, Troy, Alabama. She is certified as a Histotechnician and has 25 years of experience in the field of Histology.
Course Description: This course discusses various entities that cause infectious diseases. These entities are identified in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tissue by use of specific primary antibodies and immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques. IHC procedures, including chromogenic substrates, enhancement techniques, and alternative methodologies are also discussed.
