Epigenetics refers to molecular modifications (gene expression and cellular phenotypes) on DNA, that can regulate gene activity independently of DNA sequencing and are mitotically stable. External modifications to DNA can turn genes on or off, affecting how the cells read the genes.
Genetics → alteration of DNA sequence → change in phenotype
Epigenetics → NO alterations of DNA sequence → change in phenotype
Epigenetic changes can be monitored and studied with the aim of:
- Measurement of body fluids and tissues
- Defines disease—Detection
- Predicts the outcome—Prognostic
- Response to therapy—Predictive
- Therapy monitoring
- Targeted therapy—Theragnosis
