Several methods are used to quantitate protein biomarkers that have demonstrated potential for determining risk of PE, including:
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- Gas chromatography (GC)
- High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
- Mass spectrometry
- Immunochemical assays, such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as automated immunofluorescent assays