The factors listed in the table below are potential biomarkers for PE. However, in all cases, further studies are needed.
| BioMarker | Characteristics and Functions | Circulating Levels (blood, serum/plasma) in PE | Comments on Clinical Significance/Use |
| Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) | A pro-angiogenic factor that creates new blood vessels during embryonic development. | Increased, decreased, or normal | - Studies tend to be mixed on the levels during PE.
- Recent studies may support elevated levels in PE.
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| Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) | A pro-angiogenic factor that acts as a vasodilator of uterine vascular remodeling during pregnancy | Decreased | - Levels are significantly lower in mild and severe PE.
|
| Soluble fms-like Tyrosine Kinase 1 Receptor (sFlt-1) | An anti-angiogenic factor that disables other proteins involved in blood vessel growth | Increased | |
| Soluble Endoglin (sEng) | An anti-angiogenic factor that modulates growth by binding to TGF-beta. | Increased | - Significantly elevated levels in PE.
|
| sFlt-1/PlGF Ratio | The ratio may be useful to assess PE as well as time to delivery. | Increased | - Ratio may be higher in PE.
- Higher ratios may also suggest reduced time to deliver.
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