As an enveloped virus, influenza uses endocytosis to enter the host cell. The hemagglutinin protein sticks to the host cell, then enters and starts replication. Neuraminidase is used for the viral copies to exit the host cell.
While RSV is also an enveloped virus, it can enter the host cell through fusion and endocytosis.
Coronavirus, another enveloped virus, was previously thought to only use fusion, but SARS (and SARS-CoV-2) appears to be able also to use endocytosis.
The enveloped parainfluenza virus binds to the cell surface with glycoproteins and then fuses to the cell membrane. Likewise, human metapneumovirus, as an enveloped virus, also uses fusion to enter the host cell.
Adenovirus and rhinovirus are naked viruses that use endocytosis to enter the cell.
Regardless of their method of entry, all of these viruses cause cell death upon exiting the cell. The image shows a virus's cytopathic effect as it leaves the cell.
Figure 9. Goldsmith, C., & Rollin, D. (2016). Presence, novel, H1N1, virus, virions, tissue, culture, sample. Pixnio.com. https://pixnio.com/science/microscopy-images/influenza/presence-of-a-number-of-novel-h1n1-virus-virions-in-this-tissue-culture-sample#
