There are more than 50 distinct human Adenovirus types. Adenovirus can cause a common cold, pneumonia, croup, and bronchitis, as well as other non-respiratory infections. Other symptoms include fever, acute bronchitis, sore throat, and even flu-like symptoms. This virus has also been shown to cause severe infections in those with a weakened immune system. Type Ad14 strain has been responsible for high hospitalizations and deaths. Adenovirus 3, 4, and 7 are the most common cause of respiratory infections. Infections with Adenovirus can occur all year, with no known seasonality. Like other respiratory viruses, Adenovirus can be transmitted by being in close personal contact with someone who is sneezing or coughing as well as touching a contaminated surface and then touching your face. Adenoviruses are highly resistant to common disinfectants and have been shown to remain on surfaces as well as medical devices for extended periods of time. There are, however, EPA-certified cleaners available that can destroy the virus and prevent transmission. A live oral vaccine against types 4 and 7 is available only for military personnel between the ages of 17-50. This vaccine is primarily given during basic training. Since 2007, however, there has been a rise in Adenovirus infections from type 14 in the military as well.
Unlike the previous viruses, Adenovirus is a non-enveloped DNA virus in the Adenoviridae family. This virus is small, ranging from 70-90 nm in diameter. The knobs located on the end of the fiber attach to the host cell receptors, then the penton base attaches to the host wall and the virus is internalized through the process of endocytosis.
