References

How to Subscribe
MLS & MLT Comprehensive CE Package
Includes 183 CE courses, most popular
$109Add to cart
Pick Your Courses
Up to 8 CE hours
$55Add to cart
Individual course$25Add to cart
The page below is a sample from the LabCE course Unmasking Respiratory Viruses: The Basics of Respiratory Viral Interactions. Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online.

Learn more about Unmasking Respiratory Viruses: The Basics of Respiratory Viral Interactions (online CE course)
References

Acharya T. Influenza (flu) Virus: Introduction. Microbeonline. https://microbeonline.com/influenza-flu-virus-structure-classification/. Published 2010. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Acharya T. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Steps, Types and Applications. Microbeonline. https://microbeonline.com/polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr-steps-types-applications/. July 7, 2016. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Alayyoubi M, Leser G, Kors C, Lamb R. Structure of the paramyxovirus parainfluenza virus 5 nucleoprotein–RNA complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2015;Volume112(14):E1792-E1799. doi:10.1073/pnas.1503941112.
Baluch A, Rajnik M, Maranich A. Human Metapneumovirus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology. Emedicine - Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/237691-overview. n.d.. Published January 18, 2017. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Branche A, Falsey A. Parainfluenza Virus Infection. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2016;Volume37(4):538-554. doi:10.1055/s-0036-1584798.
Brochot A, Guilbot A, Haddioui L, Roques C. Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of three essential oil blends. Microbiologyopen. 2017;Volume6(4):e00459. doi:10.1002/mbo3.459.
Carvajal J, Avellaneda A, Salazar-Ardiles C, Maya J, Kalergis A, Lay M. Host Components Contributing to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Immunology. 2019;Volume10:2152. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02152.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs). Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs). https://www.cdc.gov/parainfluenza/about/index.html. n.d.. Last reviewed October 31, 2019. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Adenovirus. Adenovirus. https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/about/index.html. n.d.. Last reviewed August 28, 2019. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Common Colds: Protect Yourself and Others. CDC features. https://www.cdc.gov/features/rhinoviruses/index.html. n.d.. Last reviewed October 7, 2020. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID Data Tracker. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker. n.d. Last reviewed December 27, 2022. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For Healthcare Providers. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV). https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/clinical/index.html. n.d.. Last reviewed December 18, 2020. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How the Flu Virus Can Change: “Drift” and “Shift”. Influenza. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/change.htm. n.d.. Last reviewed October 15, 2019. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human Metapneumovirus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology. The National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS). https://www.cdc.gov/surveillance/nrevss/hmpv/natl-trend.html. n.d.. Last reviewed May 14, 2019. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Davidson M. The Influenza (Flu) Virus. Molecular Expressions Cell Biology. https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/viruses/influenzavirus.html. Last reviewed 2019. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Dias A, Bouvier D, Crepin T, et al. The cap-snatching endonuclease of influenza virus polymerase resides in the PA subunit. Nature. 2009;Volume458(7240):914-918. doi:10.1038/nature07745.
Dutt J, Ganatra B, Suthar N, et al. A randomized and comparative study to assess safety and efficacy of supplemental treatment of a herbal formulation - Aayudh Advance comprising essential oils in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. 2021;Volume22(100755). doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100755
Ghaffari H, Tavakoli A, Moradi A, et al. Inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus infection by zinc oxide nanoparticles: another emerging application of nanomedicine. Journal of Biomedical Science. 2019;Volume26(1):70. doi:10.1186/s12929-019-0563-4.
Grant W, Giovannucci E. The possible roles of solar ultraviolet-B radiation and vitamin D in reducing case-fatality rates from the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic in the United States. Dermato Endocrinology. 2009;Volume1(4):215-219. doi: 10.4161/derm.1.4.9063
Hays C. Columbia University. The respiratory viruses Influenza, RSV, and Rhinoviruses. http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/id/2008/respiratoryvirusesNotes.pdf. Last reviewed 2008. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Hunt M. Parainfluenza-Respiratory Syncytial-Adenovirus. Microbiology and Immunology On-line. http://www.microbiologybook.org/virol/para-rsv-aden-ver2.htm. n.d.. Last reviewed June 06, 2016. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Ison M, Lee N, Cohen J. Noninfluenza Respiratory Viruses. In: Jonathan Cohen, ed. Infectious Diseases. China: Elsevier; 2017:173.
Kauvar L, Harcourt J, Haynes L, Tripp R. Therapeutic targeting of respiratory syncytial virus G-protein. Immunotherapy. 2010;Volume2(5):655-661. doi:10.2217/imt.10.5311.
Kubala J. 15 Antiviral Herbs to Keep You Healthy. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/antiviral-herbs. Last reviewed 2019. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
McCarty M, DiNicolantonio J. Nutraceuticals have potential for boosting the type 1 interferon response to RNA viruses including influenza and coronavirus. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020;Volume63(2020):383-385. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.02.007
National Institutes of Health. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/antivirals-including-antibody-products/anti-sars-cov-2-monoclonal-antibodies/. Last reviewed August 18, 2022. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Neethu R, Janardhan Reddy M, Batra S, Srivastava S, Syal K. Vitamin C and its therapeutic potential in the management of COVID19. Clinical Nutrition European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. 2022;Volume Aug(50):8-14.doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.05.026
Newton A, Cardani A, Braciale T. The host immune response in respiratory virus infection: balancing virus clearance and immunopathology. Seminars in Immunopathology. 2016;Volume38(4):471-482. doi:10.1007/s00281-016-0558-0.
Sharland M. Influenza and parainfluenza. In: Mike Sharland, ed. Manual of Childhood Infections: The Blue Book. Oxford, UK: Oxford Press; 2016:80.
Stockton J, Stephenson I, Fleming D, Zambon M. Human Metapneumovirusas a Cause of Community-Acquired Respiratory Illness. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2002;Volume8(9):897-901. doi:10.3201/eid0809.020084.
Swedish Orphan Biovitrum. Synagis (palivizumab). Synagis . https://synagishcp.com/index.html. Last reviewed 2022. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Togan C. Structure of rhinovirus C revealed. National Institutes of Health. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/structure-rhinovirus-c-revealed. Last reviewed 2016. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Tseliou M, Pirintsos S, Lionis C, Castanas E, Sourvinos G. Antiviral effect of an essential oil combination derived from three aromatic plants (Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Rchb. f., Origanum dictamnus L. and Salvia fruticosa Mill.) against viruses causing infections of the upper respiratory tract. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2019;Volume17-18(1):100288. doi:10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100288.
Usachey E, Pyankov O, Usacheva O, Agranovski I. Antiviral activity of tea tree and eucalyptus oil aerosol and vapor. Journal of Aerosol Science. 2013;Volume59:22-30. doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2013.01.004.
Vimalanathan S, Hudson J. Anti-influenza virus activity of essential oils and vapors. Essential Oil International Journal. 2014;Volume2(1):47-53. https://www.essencejournal.com/vol2/issue1/pdf/8.1.pdf. 2014. Last reviewed 2014. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
The Global Impact of Respiratory Disease. Forum of International Respiratory Societies. 3rd ed. http://www.firsnet.org/images/publications/FIRS_Master_09202021.pdf. Last reviewed 2021. Last accessed December 29, 2022.
Wu S, Patel K, Booth L, Metcalf J, Lin H, Wu W. Protective essential oil attenuates influenza virus infection: An in vitro study in MDCK cells. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2010;Volume10(1):69. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-10-69.
Zhang Y, Xu Z, Cao Y. Host– Virus Interaction: How Host Cells Defend against Influenza A Virus Infection. Viruses. 2020;Volume12(4):376. doi:10.3390/v12040376.