Brown-Elliott BA, Brown JM, Conville PS, Wallace RJ Jr. Clinical and laboratory features of the Nocardia spp. based on current molecular taxonomy. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(2):259-282. doi:10.1128/CMR.19.2.259-282.2006
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance standards for susceptibility testing of Mycobacteria, Nocardia spp., and other aerobic actinomycetes. CLSI supplement M62. Updated February 2019, March 2019, and August 2020. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2018.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Susceptibility testing of Mycobacteria, Nocardia spp., and other aerobic actinomycetes. CLSI document M24. Updated October 2019, and April 2020. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2018.
Conville PS, Brown-Elliott BA, Witebsky FG. Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Gordonia, Actinomadura, Streptomyces, and other aerobic actinomycetes. In: Carroll KC, Pfaller MA, Landry ML, McAdam AJ, Patel R, Richter SS, Warnock DW, eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 12th ed. ASM Press; 2019:525-557.
Graybill JR, Silverman BD. Sulfur granules: Second thoughts. Arch Intern Med. 1969;123(4):430–432. doi:10.1001/archinte.1969.00300140076017
Heymann DL. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 21th ed. APHA Press. 2022.
Kiska DL, Hicks K, Pettit DJ. Identification of medically relevant Nocardia species with an abbreviated battery of tests. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(4):1346-1351. doi:10.1128/JCM.40.4.1346-1351.2002
Leber AL, ed. Clinical microbiology procedures handbook. 4th ed. ASM Press; 2016:Section 6.
Lesens O, Hansmann Y, Riegel P, et al. Bacteremia and endocarditis caused by a Gordonia species in a patient with a central venous catheter. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000;6(4):382-385. doi:10.3201/eid0604.000410
McNeil MM, Brown JM. The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1994;7(3):357-417. doi:10.1128/CMR.7.3.357
McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24th ed., online ed. Elsevier. 2022.
Mochon AB, Sussland D, Saubolle MA. Aerobic actinomycetes of clinical significance. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(4):10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0021-2015. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0021-2015
Rahdar HA, Salehi MR, Bahador A, et al. Detection of Nocardia, Streptomyces and Rhodococcus from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of patients with HIV by multiplex PCR assay. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2019;29(6):737-744. doi:10.4314/ejhs.v29i6.10
Shimizu A, Ishikawa O, Nagai Y, Mikami Y, Nishimura K. Primary cutaneous nocardiosis due to Nocardia nova in a healthy woman. Br J Dermatol. 2001;145(1):154-156. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04302.x
Tille PM, ed. Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology. 15th ed. Elsevier Mosby: 2022:Ch. 18. Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, and Similar Organisms.