Clinical laboratories provide a wide range of laboratory procedures that aid healthcare providers in diagnosing, treating, and managing patients. A laboratory environment that maximizes support for this mission is critical. The laboratory environment comprises the people, the culture, the organization, the space, and the relationship with the providers it serves. When the laboratory environment is positive, people want to contribute and be productive. When the culture respects every worker's viewpoint and concerns, supports their work, and provides positive feedback along with respectful criticism when needed, work is done more efficiently and effectively. Meeting the laboratory demands requires a sufficiently qualified workforce and excellent communication and training.
A key to a productive work environment is a good organizational structure so all workers are clear about their responsibilities and who they are responsible for reporting to. The organizational structure is a map that defines who works where, what they do, and how they do the tasks assigned. It identifies the chain of command from top management to phlebotomists and lab assistants. It also defines the workflow process from the initial test order to the final report to the provider. Every worker is trained and well-informed of all processes and has access to appropriate communication channels for answers to any questions they have throughout the process.
The environment also includes the workspace. Workers need a well-ventilated, temperature-controlled, spacious work area that maximizes their ability to accomplish tasks. This requires planning and organization. Several key factors contribute to a productive workspace:
- Proximity to equipment and materials: Placing materials and equipment near your work area improves efficiency. Avoid having reagents and supplies far from your work area, and make them easily accessible.
- Organization: Greater efficiency can be achieved by organizing the lab equipment in a space that promotes easy workflow and does not disrupt workflow from other laboratory areas.
- Avoid clutter: Clutter will slow down productivity and workflow. It can include anything from unused lab material and supplies to packaged supplies not inventoried, folders and manuals not put away, trash, etc. The only items that should be in the workspace are needed for the current activity. Policies around avoiding clutter and keeping the space clean and organized can increase lab efficiency.
- Provide plenty of counter space: Counter space is a valuable commodity in the diagnostic laboratory. Organizing materials and supplies for testing or other lab activities is needed. Crowded spaces lead to stress and potential errors. If sinks are required, ensure they are in proximity to the most needed locations.
- Ergonomics: Paying attention to laboratory ergonomics is important for the lab layout. Lab workers often repeat the same motions and postures for significant periods. Thus, workers need proper height benchtops, stools or chairs, comfortable shoes, and the proper clothing. Breaks are necessary so workers have time to relax and retool for their tasks.
Figure 4. PHIL Public Domain/Bishop. (2019). Image #23260. Caption: "...a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) laboratory technician working with electronic cigarettes, referred to as e-cigarettes, or e-cigs, and vaping pens, while inside a laboratory environment." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://phil.cdc.gov/Details.aspx?pid=23260
