Pathogenesis: Risk of Activation from LTBI to Active TB Disease

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The page below is a sample from the LabCE course Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Laboratory Test Methods. Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online.

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Pathogenesis: Risk of Activation from LTBI to Active TB Disease

Many individuals who have LTBI never develop active TB disease.
Without treatment, the risk of activation from a state of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to that of active tuberculosis (TB) disease is approximately 5-10% over a lifetime (CDC, 2020).
The risk is highest among those with HIV, cancer, or other conditions affecting the immune system.
Activation to active TB disease can occur weeks to years after the initial infection.