Tuberculosis has existed for many years and can cause severe disease and death if left untreated. Although tuberculosis (TB) cases are on the decline in the United States, the high prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains a concern, as LTBI may lead to active TB disease. This course will discuss the etiology and pathogenesis of the different conditions of tuberculosis, epidemiology, targeted testing, laboratory testing methods, and the laboratory's role in patient management.