Tuberculosis has been around for many years. Tuberculosis can cause severe disease and death if left untreated. Although tuberculosis (TB) disease cases are on the decline in the United States, high prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains a concern, as LTBI may lead to active TB disease. In this course, etiology and pathogenesis of the different conditions of tuberculosis, epidemiology, targeted testing, laboratory testing methods, as well as the laboratory's role in patient management will be discussed.