There are several methods for extracting genetic material from samples containing DNA and/or RNA. The most common protocols can be manual or automated which essentially have the same principles:
- Lysis of sample material. Nucleic acids are released and nucleases are denatured.
- Binding of nucleic acids to a membrane surface such as silicates. This binding is facilitated by the chaotropic salt conditions and high ionic strength of the lysis/binding buffer.
- Separation of membrane-bound nucleic acid from the residual lysed sample.
- Removal of unbound substances (proteins, cell debris, and PCR inhibitors) by several washing steps.
- Elution of purified nucleic acid from the membrane.
