Process mapping aims to visually document a process's current or as-is state. A process has an "item" or "thing" moving through it. The item might be a product, service, patient, invoice, or even a microscope slide. The process consumes resources such as time and inputs as the item moves its way through the steps of the process to completion. The item may change shape or form as it moves through the process, so it may not always be obvious to identify from start to end.
Process maps are typically:
- Function focused
- Prepared at a high level of detail
- Used to understand the as-is process steps
- Not used to evaluate or make judgments about each process step
Steps for completing a process map:
- Create a SIPOC diagram.
- Identify the start and end points of the process to be mapped.
- Walk through the process as if you are the item being passed through each process step, or ask people who do the process every day- do not guess at process steps.
- Document all the process steps as they are being performed now, not as you think they should be.
- If you prefer, use the standard mapping symbols: ovals for start and end points, rectangles for an activity or step, and diamonds for decision points. However, don't become too concerned with the symbols; pay the most attention to capturing the process.
Value Stream Map (VSM)
A VSM is very similar to a process map but is created at a much higher level of detail and includes the flow of work information and materials. The VSM is focused on cycle time reduction and usually crosses functional boundaries and specific departments. Since VSM maps determine value, they are inherently customer-centric and designed to help users see hidden waste and wait times. The VSM can be created using the as-is and the "as it should be" processes.
