Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences. PCR and its variants, including real-time PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), play crucial roles in the diagnosis and management of CML.
PCR is used to detect the presence of the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, a hallmark of CML.
qPCR, also known as quantitative PCR, not only amplifies DNA but quantifies it in real time.
RT-PCR converts RNA into complementary DNA before amplification. This technique is essential for detecting and quantifying RNA transcripts, such as the BCR::ABL1 fusion mRNA. It is particularly useful for monitoring the disease burden and response to therapy in CML patients because it provides insights into the expression levels of the BCR::ABL1 gene mutation. A decrease in BCR::ABL1 transcript levels indicates a positive response to therapy, while stable or increasing levels may suggest resistance or relapse.
