CML-CP must be distinguished from the following:
1. Leukemoid reaction due to infection/inflammation. In a leukemoid reaction, the blood smear often shows toxic changes (toxic granulation, vacuolation, and Döhle bodies). The WBC count is typically less than 50 × 103/mcL, and the platelet count is generally normal.
2. Other myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as chronic neutrophilic leukemia and essential thrombocythemia.
CML-BP must be distinguished from:
1. Acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia, and mixed phenotype leukemia. Note that the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene may be present in de novo cases of acute leukemia (myeloid or lymphoid). It is challenging to differentiate CML in blast crisis and cases of de novo BCR::ABL1 acute leukemia.
