References

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The page below is a sample from the LabCE course The Toxicology Laboratory's Role in Pain Management: Testing for Opiates. Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online.

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References

Brunton L, Chabner B, Knollman B. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 12th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2011.
Burtis CA, Bruns DE, eds. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 7th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2015.
Kaplan LA, Pesce A. Clinical Chemistry: Theory, Analysis, Correlation. 5th ed. New York: Mosby, 2010.
Perrine D. The Chemistry of Mind-Altering Drugs: History, Pharmacology, and Cultural Context. American Chemical Society Publication, 1996.
Quest Diagnostics, Study Report on Urine Testing for Prescription Drugs. January 2011.
Reisfield et al., Clin Chem, 2009: 55 1765-1768.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Highlights for the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt42731/2022-nsduh-main-highlights.pdf
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Drug overdose death rates. National Institutes of Health. https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates
World Health Organization. Opioid overdose. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/opioid-overdose