The mechanism of toxicity for this type of poisoning remains unknown. It has been hypothesized that such toxins may be due to the presence of unusual sugars, amino acids, peptides, resins, or other compounds present in a given mushroom. Symptoms of toxicty from these unknown toxins usually present themselves 30 minutes to 3 hours after ingestion of the mushroom and include nausea, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea. Symptoms normally pass after the irritant has been expelled. These types of toxins are found in a variety of genera. A toxin found in Amanita smithiana, A. proxima, and A. pseudoporphyria is listed in this group since the toxin is an unknown compound. NAMA, however, places the toxin in a Prompt Kidney Damage group. The onset of symptoms is between 4 and 11 hours, presenting with similar symptoms as seen with gastrointestinal irritants but includes kidney failure.
