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Table 5: Summary of Acid/Base Conditions and Compensation
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Introduction to Blood Gases
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Table 5: Summary of Acid/Base Conditions and Compensation
Associated Conditions
Compensation
Metabolic Acidosis
Prolonged diarrhea
Renal tubular acidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Lactic acidosis
Respiratory system:
hyper
ventilation will lower the pCO
2
which will increase the pH.
Metabolic Alkalosis
Vomiting
Gastric suction
Prolonged diuretic use
Excess ingestion of antacids
Respiratory system:
hypo
ventilation will raise the pCO
2
which will decrease the pH.
Respiratory Acidosis
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Meningitis
Sedative drugs
Rebreathing air (i.e., paper bag)
Renal system: kidneys increase H
+
ion excretion and retain more HCO
3
-
which will increase the pH.
Respiratory Alkalosis
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Anxiety attack
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumonia
Salicylate overdose
Renal system: kidneys increase HCO
3
-
excretion which will decrease the pH.
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