ABO Typing Discrepancies (Online CE Course)

(based on 1,653 customer ratings)

Author: Candice Freeman, Ph.D., MLS(ASCP)BB
Reviewer: Laurie Bjerklie, MA, MLS(ASCP)CM

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Discrepancies in ABO typing lead to delays in determination of products that are safe to transfuse to the patient. When the ABO type has not clearly been determined, transfusion of universal donor red cells and plasma are necessary, thus depleting the supply of these products. It is important to know the possible causes of ABO discrepancies in order to develop algorithms and standard procedures to resolve them quickly. This course will provide a general scheme for resolving ABO discrepancies and work through examples cases.

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Continuing Education Credits

P.A.C.E.® Contact Hours (acceptable for AMT, ASCP, and state recertification): 1.5 hour(s)
Approved through 7/31/2025
Florida Board of Clinical Laboratory Personnel Credit Hours - General (Blood Banking / Immunohematology): 1.5 hour(s)
Approved through 7/31/2025

Objectives

  • Discuss ABO testing and result interpretation.
  • Identify the types of ABO discrepancies and explain the impact that discrepancies can have upon patient care and patient safety.
  • Detect an ABO discrepancy and apply serological techniques to resolve the error to ensure the correct ABO type is reported.
  • Discuss how different test methodologies, including tube, column agglutination, and solid phase, produce varying results with regard to discrepant ABO types.
  • Analyze pre-examination, examination, and post-examination steps to uncover a potential ABO discrepancy.

Customer Ratings

(based on 1,653 customer ratings)

Course Outline

Click on the links below to preview selected pages from this course.
  • Introduction
  • Basics of Immunology and ABO Testing
    • Immunology Principles
      • Antigen/Antibody Interaction
      • Antigens and Antibodies
      • Affinity and Avidity
      • Zeta Potential and van der Waals Forces
      • Agglutination
      • Agglutination Chart
      • Antigens and antibodies specifically combine to form immune complexes. What term refers to the antibody's attraction to a particular antigenic determi...
      • Match the explanation, description, or definition to its correct immunology term.
    • ABO Testing
      • ABO Groups and Frequencies
      • ABO Testing and Interpretation
      • Review the following test results and match the expected reaction pattern to the reported ABO type.
  • ABO Typing Discrepancies
  • Resolution Strategies
  • Comparison of Testing Methodologies
      • ABO Testing Methodologies
      • Stepping Back to Resolve an ABO Discrepancy
  • Case Studies: Resolving Discrepancies on the Bench
      • Case Study 1An 83-year-old patient is undergoing pre-op testing, which includes a type and screen with a 2-unit red cell crossmatch. One 7 mL EDTA tub...
      • Case Study 2A 38-year-old patient has a history of chronic anemia, which has resulted in 4 previous allogeneic packed red blood cell transfusions. At ...
      • Case Study 3 A 36-year-old patient has a history of gastrointestinal conditions, including Crohn's Disease. He has been admitted to the hospital for a...
      • Case Study 4 A 44-year-old patient has a history of rheumatoid arthritis and chronic anemia, historically treated with diet and iron supplements. She ...
      • Case Study 5 A 48-year-old patient has been hospitalized with an infection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. At the patient's request, her physician has order...
  • References

Additional Information

Level of Instruction: Intermediate
Intended Audience: Medical laboratory scientists, medical laboratory technicians, laboratory supervisors, and laboratory managers. This course is also appropriate for MLS and MLT students and pathology residents.
Author Information: Candice Freeman, Ph.D., MLS(ASCP)BB is the Administrative Lab Director at Scotland Health in Laurinburg, North Carolina. She also holds adjunct faculty positions at Winston-Salem State University and Appalachian State University, where she teaches online courses in clinical laboratory science and teacher education. With over 30 years of experience in clinical laboratories and higher education, Dr. Freeman brings a varied and diverse background of laboratory and quality improvement performance experience to healthcare workforce development. Dr. Freeman is a certified Medical Laboratory Scientist through ASCP and also has certifications in Google, NAHQ, ASQ, and CoSN. Dr. Freeman holds an MA.Ed. in Social Media and Global Education and a Ph.D. in Instructional Design and Education Technology. 
The author has no conflict of interest to disclose.
Reviewer Information: Laurie Bjerklie, MA, MLS(ASCP)CM, is a Lead Education Developer. She earned a B.S. in Medical Laboratory Science from the University of North Dakota and an M.A. in Curriculum and Instruction from Saint Xavier University. She has over 15 years of experience in higher education and has held program director and faculty positions in both MLT and MLS programs.

How to Subscribe
MLS & MLT Comprehensive CE Package
Includes 185 CE courses, most popular
$109Add to cart
Pick Your Courses
Up to 8 CE hours
$55Add to cart
Individual course$25Add to cart
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