ABO Typing Discrepancies (Online CE Course)

Continuing Education Credits

P.A.C.E.® Contact Hours (acceptable for AMT, ASCP, and state recertification): 2 hour(s) Course number 578-034-19, approved through 9/30/2021

Florida Board of Clinical Laboratory Personnel Credit Hours - General (Blood Banking / Immunohematology): 2 hour(s) Course number 20-672945, approved through 9/1/2020

Objectives

• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of ABO testing and result interpretation.
• Identify the types of ABO discrepancies and explain the impact that discrepancies can have upon patient care and patient safety.
• Accurately and efficiently detect an ABO discrepancy and apply serological techniques to resolve the error to ensure the correct ABO type is reported.
• Discuss how different test methodologies, including tube, column agglutination, and solid phase, produce varying results with regard to discrepant ABO types.
• Analyze preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical steps to uncover a potential ABO discrepancy.

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Course Outline

• Introduction
• Course Overview
• Basics of Immunology and ABO Testing
• Immunology Principles
• Antigen/Antibody Interaction
• Antigens and Antibodies
• Affinity and Avidity
• Zeta Potential and van der Waals Forces
• Agglutination
• Agglutination Chart
• Antigens and antibodies specifically combine to form immune complexes. What term refers to the antibody's attraction to a particular antigenic determi...
• Drag and drop the explanation, description, or definition to its correct immunology term.
• ABO Testing
• ABO Groups and Frequencies
• ABO Testing and Interpretation
• Review the following test results and match the expected reaction pattern to the reported ABO type.
• ABO Typing Discrepancies
• ABO Typing Discrepancies
• Classifying ABO Discrepancies
• ABO Discrepancies Related to Subgroups of A or B
• Weakened or Missing Reactions in the Reverse Typing
• Acquired B Phenomenon
• Plasma Protein-Related Discrepancies
• Miscellaneous Causes of ABO Discrepancies
• A patient's pretransfusion ABO grouping results are as follows:Forward (Cell) GroupingReverse (Serum) GroupingAnti-AAnti-BAnti-A,BA1 CellsB Cells4+04+...
• Resolution Strategies
• Preanalytical Considerations
• ABO Discrepancy Resolution: General Guidelines
• Reagents and Techniques/Testing Methods Used in ABO Discrepancy Resolution
• Example: Weak/Missing Reaction in the Forward Typing
• Example: Weak/Missing Reaction in the Reverse Typing
• Incubate at Room Temperature or In the Refrigerator
• Example: Unexpected Reaction in Forward Typing
• Example: Unexpected Reaction in Reverse Typing
• Reverse Typing Discrepancies: Identify the Unexpected Antibody
• Auto Control and O Cell Control
• Testing with Lectins
• In Addition To... Not a Replacement Of...
• Concurrent Result Documentation to Prevent Errors
• Comparison of Testing Methodologies
• ABO Testing Methodologies
• Stepping Back to Resolve an ABO Discrepancy
• Case Studies: Resolving Discrepancies on the Bench
• Case Study Review and Performance
• Case Study 1An 83-year-old female is undergoing pre-op testing which includes a type and screen with a 2-unit Red Cell crossmatch. One 7mL EDTA tube w...
• Case Study 2A 38 year old female patient has a history of chronic anemia which has resulted in 4 previous allogenic packed red blood cell transfusions...
• Case Study 3 A 36 year old man has a history of gastrointestinal conditions including Crohn's Disease. He has been admitted to the hospital for a gene...
• Case Study 4 A 44 year old woman has a history of Rheumatoid arthritis and chronic anemia, historically treated with diet and iron supplements. She ha...
• Case Study 5 A 48-year-old woman has been hospitalized with an infection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. At the patient's request, her physician has ordered...
• References
• References

Additional Information

Level of instruction: Intermediate